Tecnología :: Cómo cargar correctamente los dispositivos electrónicos

En mas de una ocasión hemos escuchado como las personas dicen "No dejes enchufado tu celular tanto tiempo ya que la batería se va a hinchar y después no funcionará". Bueno, esto suena raro pero no está alejado de la realidad.

Desde que las baterías de litio aparecieron, no tenemos claro si nos han facilitado o complicado la vida ya que nos quejamos de que "el celular se descarga rápido" pero lo que si es cierto es que esto depende de como efectuamos la carga de nuestros dispositivos electrónicos.

Si eres de los que deja tu smartphone o tablet enchufado durante dos días "para que se cargue bien", mejor lee este articulo que encontré en Genial.guru en el que hallarás recomendaciones prácticas que te ayudarán a alargar la vida útil de tu smartphone/tablet.

Cómo cargar los dispositivos electrónicos correctamente

En este siglo de altas tecnologías es difícil imaginar nuestra vida sin un teléfono móvil o una computadora portátil. Pero incluso los dispositivos más fabulosos tienen una gran desventaja: se descargan muy pronto.

1. Carga tu dispositivo con regularidad

No dejes que la batería se descargue completamente. Las baterías de iones de litio, que se utilizan en los dispositivos modernos, no tienen el así llamado efecto de memoria, por lo tanto se pueden, y es más, se deben cargar sin esperar a que se le agoté la carga por completo.

Muchos fabricantes calculan la vida útil de una batería de iones de litio con la cantidad de descargas completas (hasta el 0%). Para las baterías de calidad son 400-600 ciclos. Para aumentar la vida útil de tu batería de iones de litio, carga tu celular con más frecuencia. Lo mejor sería que en cuanto veas que el indicador de carga baja más de 10-20%, lo pongas a cargar. Esto aumentará la cantidad de los ciclos de carga hasta 1000-1100.

2. Desconecta tu dispositivo a tiempo

Tu dispositivo electrónico servirá más si solo está cargado un 50-80%. Si tu batería se cargó al 100%, tienes que desconectarla de la red a tiempo, ya que este factor afecta su vida útil. Por lo tanto, no conviene dejar tu teléfono u otro aparato cargando durante toda la noche.

3. Una vez en 3 meses descarga y carga tu dispositivo al 100%.

La carga máxima es igual de perjudicial para la batería de iones de litio como la descarga completa hasta el 0%. Debido a que cargamos nuestros dispositivos espontáneamente (lo hacemos donde y como sea: a través de USB, de la conexión eléctrica, de un cargador externo, etc.), los especialistas recomiendan una vez en tres meses descargar la batería completamente, a continuación cargarla al 100% y dejarla conectada durante 8-12 horas.

4. Utiliza el cargador original

Muy pocas personas saben que el cargador en la mayoría de los casos está integrado al interior de los dispositivos electrónicos, mientras que el adaptador externo de la red únicamente aumenta la tensión y rectifica la corriente de la red doméstica, es decir, no afecta directamente la batería.

Algunos dispositivos, tales como cámaras digitales, no tienen ese cargador integrado, por lo tanto sus baterías se insertan en un «cargador» externo. Ahí es cuando el uso de un cargador de origen sospechoso puede afectar negativamente la funcionalidad de la batería.

5. No dejes que se sobrecaliente

El peor enemigo de las baterías de iones de litio es la alta temperatura: no soportan el exceso de calor. Por lo tanto, no dejes tus dispositivos electrónicos bajo el sol directo y tampoco cerca de fuentes de calor, por ejemplo, calentadores. Las temperaturas máximas permisibles están dentro de este rango: desde — 40 °C hasta + 50 °C.

Bibliografia Web: Genial.guru

English :: Adverbs of Frequency

We use some adverbs to describe how frequently we do an activity.

These are called adverbs of frequency and include:

Frequency	Adverb of Frequency	Example Sentence
100%	always	I always go to bed before 11pm.
90%	usually	I usually have cereal for breakfast.
80%	normally / generally	I normally go to the gym.
70%	often* / frequently	I often surf the internet.
50%	sometimes	I sometimes forget my wife's birthday.
30%	occasionally	I occasionally eat junk food.
10%	seldom	I seldom read the newspaper.
5%	hardly ever / rarely	I hardly ever drink alcohol.
0%	never	I never swim in the sea.

* Some people pronounce the 'T' in often but many others do not.

The Position of the Adverb in a Sentence

An adverb of frequency goes before a main verb (except with To Be).

Subject + adverb + main verb
I always remember to do my homework.
He normally gets good marks in exams.

An adverb of frequency goes after the verb To Be.

Subject + to be + adverb
They are never pleased to see me.
She isn't usually bad tempered.

When we use an auxiliary verb (have, will, must, might, could, would, can, etc.), the adverb is placed between the auxiliary and the main verb. This is also true for to be.

Subject + auxiliary + adverb + main verb
She can sometimes beat me in a race.
I would hardly ever be unkind to someone.
They might never see each other again.
They could occasionally be heard laughing.

We can also use the following adverbs at the start of a sentence:

Usually, normally, often, frequently, sometimes, occasionally

• Occasionally, I like to eat Thai food.

BUT we cannot use the following at the beginning of a sentence:

Always, seldom, rarely, hardly, ever, never.

We use hardly ever and never with positive, not negative verbs:

• She hardly ever comes to my parties.
• They never say 'thank you'.

We use ever in questions and negative statements:

• Have you ever been to New Zealand?
• I haven't ever been to Switzerland. (The same as 'I have never been Switzerland').

We can also use the following expressions when we want to be more specific about the frequency:

- every day - once a month - twice a year - four times a day - every other week

Next activities

If you would like to play an interactive game about Adverbs of Frequency, visit: Adverbs of Frequency Word Order Game.

To see more information about adverbs, check out: Adverbs 

BIBLIOGRAFÍA WEB: http://www.grammar.cl/

English :: Simple Present Tense with "DO" and "DOES"

Simple Present Tense

The simple present tense in English is used to describe an action that is regular, true or normal.

We use the present tense:

1. For repeated or regular actions in the present time period.

• I take the train to the office.
• The train to Berlin leaves every hour.
• John sleeps eight hours every night during the week.

2. For facts.

• The President of The USA lives in The White House.
• A dog has four legs.
• We come from Switzerland.

3. For habits.

• I get up early every day.
• Carol brushes her teeth twice a day.
• They travel to their country house every weekend.

4. For things that are always / generally true.

• It rains a lot in winter.
• The Queen of England lives in Buckingham Palace.
• They speak English at work.

Verb Conjugation & Spelling

We form the present tense using the base form of the infinitive (without the TO).

In general, in the third person we add 'S' in the third person.

Subject	Verb	The Rest of the sentence
I / you / we / they	speak / learn	English at home
he / she / it	speaks / learns	English at home

The spelling for the verb in the third person differs depending on the ending of that verb:

1. For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z we add -ES in the third person.

• go – goes
• catch – catches
• wash – washes
• kiss – kisses
• fix – fixes
• buzz – buzzes

2. For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove the Y and add -IES.

• marry – marries
• study – studies
• carry – carries
• worry – worries

NOTE: For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add -S.

• play – plays
• enjoy – enjoys
• say – says

Negative Sentences in the Simple Present Tense

To make a negative sentence in English we normally use Don't or Doesn't with all verbs EXCEPT To Be and Modal verbs (can, might, should etc.).

• Affirmative: You speak French.
  Negative: You don't speak French.

You will see that we add don't between the subject and the verb. We use Don't when the subject is I, you, we orthey.

• Affirmative: He speaks German.
  Negative: He doesn't speak German.

When the subject is he, she or it, we add doesn't between the subject and the verb to make a negative sentence. Notice that the letter S at the end of the verb in the affirmative sentence (because it is in third person) disappears in the negative sentence. We will see the reason why below.

Negative Contractions

Don't = Do not

Doesn't = Does not

I don't like meat = I do not like meat.

There is no difference in meaning though we normally use contractions in spoken English.

Word Order of Negative Sentences

The following is the word order to construct a basic negative sentence in English in the Present Tense using Don't orDoesn't.

Subject	don't/doesn't	Verb*	The Rest of the sentence
I / you / we / they	don't	have / buy eat / like etc.	cereal for breakfast
he / she / it	doesn't

* Verb: The verb that goes here is the base form of the infinitive = The infinitive without TO before the verb. Instead of the infinitive To have it is just the have part.

Remember that the infinitive is the verb before it is conjugated (changed) and it begins with TO. For example: to have, to eat, to go, to live, to speak etc.

Examples of Negative Sentences with Don't and Doesn't:

• You don't speak Arabic.
• John doesn't speak Italian.
• We don't have time for a rest.
• It doesn't move.
• They don't want to go to the party.
• She doesn't like fish.

Questions in the Simple Present Tense

To make a question in English we normally use Do or Does. It has no translation in Spanish though it is essential to show we are making a question. It is normally put at the beginning of the question.

• Affirmative: You speak English.
  Question: Do you speak English?

You will see that we add DO at the beginning of the affirmative sentence to make it a question. We use Do when the subject is I, you, we or they.

• Affirmative: He speaks French.
  Question: Does he speak French?

When the subject is he, she or it, we add DOES at the beginning to make the affirmative sentence a question. Notice that the letter S at the end of the verb in the affirmative sentence (because it is in third person) disappears in the question. We will see the reason why below.

We DON'T use Do or Does in questions that have the verb To Be or Modal Verbs (can, must, might, should etc.)

Word Order of Questions with Do and Does

The following is the word order to construct a basic question in English using Do or Does.

Do/Does	Subject	Verb*	The Rest of the sentence
Do	I / you / we / they	have / need want etc.	a new bike?
Does	he / she / it

*Verb: The verb that goes here is the base form of the infinitive = The infinitive without TO before the verb. Instead of the infinitive To have it is just the have part.

Remember that the infinitive is the verb before it is conjugated (changed) and it begins with TO. For example: to have, to eat, to go, to live, to speak etc.

Examples of Questions with Do and Does:

• Do you need a dictionary?
• Does Mary need a dictionary?
• Do we have a meeting now?
• Does it rain a lot in winter?
• Do they want to go to the party?
• Does he like pizza?

Short Answers with Do and Does

In questions that use do/does it is possible to give short answers to direct questions as follows:

Sample Questions	Short Answer (Affirmative)	Short Answer (Negative)
Do you like chocolate?	Yes, I do.	No, I don't.
Do I need a pencil?	Yes, you do.	No, you don't.
Do you both like chocolate?	Yes, we do.	No, we don't.
Do they like chocolate?	Yes, they do.	No, they don't.
Does he like chocolate?	Yes, he does.	No, he doesn't.
Does she like chocolate?	Yes, she does.	No, she doesn't.
Does it have four wheels?	Yes, it does.	No, it doesn't.

However, if a question word such as who, when, where, why, which or how is used in the question, you can not use the short answers above to respond to the question.

Next activities

Grammar Rules:
Check out the conjugation rules for Have Has Go Goes and also of Verbs in the Third Person.

Grammar Games:
Practice this tense with the interactive game at: Simple Present Tense or Have - Has - Go - Goes

BIBLIOGRAFÍA WEB: http://www.grammar.cl/

English :: Simple Present Tense with "BE"

To Be - Present Tense

To Be - Affirmative

Subject	To Be	Examples
I	am	I am from New Zealand.
You	are	You are Chilean.
He	is	He is twenty years old.
She	is	She is a nurse.
It	is	It is a big dog.
We	are	We are intelligent.
You	are	You are students.
They	are	They are married.

To Be - Contractions

Contractions of To Be are very frequent when we are speaking.

To Be	Contraction	Examples
I am	I'm	I'm from New Zealand.
You are	You're	You're Chilean.
He is	He's	He's twenty years old.
She is	She's	She's a nurse.
It is	It's	It's a big dog.
We are	We're	We're intelligent.
You are	You're	You're students.
They are	They're	They're married.

To Be - Negative Sentences

The negative of To Be can be made by adding not after the verb.

Subject	To Be	Examples
I	am not	I am not from Spain.
You	are not	You are not Australian.
He	is not	He is not thirty years old.
She	is not	She is not a secretary.
It	is not	It is not a small cat.
We	are not	We are not stupid.
You	are not	You are not teachers.
They	are not	They are not single.

To Be - Negative Contractions

There are two ways of forming contractions of To Be in negative sentences. One is with a contraction of the subjectand the verb (e.g. I am = I'm) OR a contraction of the verb and not (e.g. are not = aren't)

I'm not from Spain.	---	--------------*
You're not Australian.	OR	You aren't Australian.
He's not thirty years old.	OR	He isn't thirty years old.
She's not a secretary.	OR	She isn't a secretary.
It's not a small cat.	OR	It isn't a small cat.
We're not stupid.	OR	We aren't stupid.
You're not teachers.	OR	You aren't teachers.
They're not single.	OR	They aren't single.

* Notice that the only possible contraction for I am not is I'm not.

To Be - Questions

To create questions with To Be, you put the Verb before the Subject.

Affirmative	You	are	happy.
	Subject	Verb
Question	Are	you	happy?
	Verb	Subject

Affirmative	Question
I am intelligent.	Am I intelligent?
You are a student.	Are you a student?
He is a pilot.	Is he a pilot?
She is from Spain.	Is she from Spain?
It is a big house.	Is it a big house?
We are ready.	Are we ready?
You are doctors.	Are you doctors?
They are rich.	Are they rich?

To Be - Short Answers

In spoken English, we usually give short answers in response to questions.

Are you a student? - Yes, I am (a student). The last part (a student) is not necessary. We use shorts answers to avoid repetition, when the meaning is clear.

Question	Short Answers**	Short Answers
Am I intelligent?	Yes, you are.	No, you aren't.
Are you a student?	Yes, I am.	No, I am not.
Is he a pilot?	Yes, he is.	No, he isn't.
Is she from Spain?	Yes, she is.	No, she isn't.
Is it a big house?	Yes, it is.	No, it isn't.
Are we ready?	Yes, we are.	No, we aren't.
Are you doctors?	Yes, we are.	No, we aren't.
Are they rich?	Yes, they are.	No, they aren't.

** With To Be, We don't use contractions in affirmative short answers unless there is additional information after it (in which case they are no longer considered short answers).

Next activities

Interactive game to practice To Be in the Present Tense.

Download the free To Be in Present Tense Worksheet (in PDF).
You can check the answers to this worksheet here: To Be in Present Tense Answers.

BIBLIOGRAFÍA WEB: http://www.grammar.cl/

English :: 50+ Frases en inglés para que te luzcas en cualquier conversación

En inglés existen frases establecidas no solo para la vida cotidiana sino también para las discusiones. El uso de estas frases junto con la utilización correcta del idioma, la habilidad de llenar las pausas y una reacción adecuada a las réplicas de tu interlocutor crearán la impresión de que eres una persona súper educada que se siente como pez en el agua a la hora de comunicarse. Además, estas expresiones también se pueden utilizar en situaciones menos formales.

Genial.guru reunió algunas frases populares en inglés para aquellos que se quieren lucir en cualquier debate o discusión y poder mantener una conversación. Espero que te sea útil esta tabla.

Tomado de: Genial.guru